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Vitamine D goed bij diabetes*
Uit een kleine Iraanse studie onder honderd deelnemers met diabetes type-2 blijkt dat extra vitamine D zorgt voor betere cholesterolwaarden en minder ontstekingen van de bloedvaten en daardoor zorgt voor minder kans op hart- en vaatziektes. In de studie kreeg de helft van de deelnemers 12 weken lang twee keer per dag een glas yoghurtdrank en de andere helft dezelfde drank aangevuld met vitamine D (25 mcg/dag). Door een afname van de insulineresistentie werd in de Dgroep lagere totaal en slecht (LDL) en hoger goed (HDL) cholesterol gemeten. Ook werden in deze groep duidelijk minder ontstekingsmarkers voor de bloedvaten en een lagere bloeddruk gemeten. Na 12 weken werd in deze groep flink betere bloedwaarden vitamine D vastgesteld, gemiddeld van 15 ng/ml naar 29 ng/ml. In de andere groep daalde de bloedwaarden vitamine D zelfs licht. 
Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Sakineh Shab-Bidar1, Tirang R Neyestani2*, Abolghassem Djazayery1*, Mohammad-Reza Eshraghian3, Anahita Houshiarrad2, A'azam Gharavi2, Ali Kalayi2, Nastaran Shariatzadeh2, Malihe Zahedirad2, Niloufar Khalaji2 and Homa Haidari2 
· * Corresponding authors: Tirang R Neyestani t.neyestani@nnftri.ac.ir - Abolghassem Djazayery djazayery@yahoo.com 
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BMC Medicine 9:125 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-9-125
Abstract
Background
Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as the underlying cause of diabetic angiopathy that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in diabetes. We recently demonstrated the ameliorating effect of regular vitamin D intake on the glycemic status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, the effects of improvement of vitamin D status on glycemic status, lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects were investigated. 
Methods
Subjects with T2D were randomly allocated to one of the two groups to receive either plain yogurt drink (PYD; containing 170 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 mL, n1 = 50) or vitamin D3-fortified yogurt drink (FYD; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL, n2 = 50) twice a day for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, glycemic status, lipid profile, body fat mass (FM) and endothelial biomarkers including serum endothelin-1, E-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were evaluated at the beginning and after the 12-week intervention period. 
Results
The intervention resulted in a significant improvement in fasting glucose, the Quantitative Insulin Check Index (QUICKI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triacylglycerols, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), endothelin-1, E-selectin and MMP-9 in FYD compared to PYD (P < 0.05, for all). Interestingly, difference in changes of endothelin-1, E-selectin and MMP-9 concentrations in FYD compared to PYD (-0.35 ± 0.63 versus -0.03 ± 0.55, P = 0.028; -3.8 ± 7.3 versus 0.95 ± 8.3, P = 0.003 and -2.3 ± 3.7 versus 0.44 ± 7.1 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.05 for all), even after controlling for changes of QUICKI, FM and waist circumference, remained significant for endothelin-1 and MMP-9 (P = 0.009 and P = 0.005, respectively) but disappeared for E-selectin (P = 0.092). On the contrary, after controlling for serum 25(OH)D, the differences disappeared for endothelin-1(P = 0.066) and MMP-9 (P = 0.277) but still remained significant for E-selectin (P = 0.011). 
Conclusions
Ameliorated vitamin D status was accompanied by improved glycemic status, lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects. Our findings suggest both direct and indirect ameliorating effects of vitamin D on the endothelial biomarkers. 
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01236846
De studie. (Maart 2012)