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Voeding rijk aan selenium tegen kanker*
Uit een Spaanse analyse van zeven studies blijkt dat voeding rijk aan selenium zorgt voor duidelijk minder blaaskanker. Vooral bij vrouwen met hoge bloedwaarden selenium is het risico op blaaskanker duidelijk kleiner. Dat komt volgens de onderzoekers omdat vrouwen selenium anders opnemen en uitscheiden dan mannen. Blaaskanker is wereldwijd één van de meeste voorkomende kankersoorten. Het wordt vooral veroorzaakt door roken, meeroken tijdens de jeugd en blootstelling aan bepaalde chemische stoffen en leeftijd.
Selenium and Bladder Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis
1. André F.S. Amaral1, 2. Kenneth P. Cantor2, 3. Debra T. Silverman3 and 4. Núria Malats1 + Author Affiliations
1. Authors' Affiliations:1Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Madrid, Spain; 2Formerly of the National Cancer Institute; currently KP Cantor Environmental LLC, Silver Spring, Maryland; and 3National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland 
1. Corresponding Author:
Núria Malats, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-912-246-900, ext. 3330; Fax: 34-912-246-911. E-mail: nmalats@cnio.es
Abstract
Background: Selenium is considered to be an antioxidant, and its high levels have been inversely associated with cancer risk of several sites. This meta-analysis examined the relationship between levels of selenium measured in serum and toenails, and the risk of bladder cancer. 
Methods: A meta-analysis using data from seven published epidemiologic studies (three case-control, three nested case-control, one case-cohort) published before March 2010 was done to examine the association between levels of selenium and bladder cancer. Fixed and random effects analyses were done to calculate meta-odds ratio (mOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was measured by the I2 statistic. 
Results: Overall, the risk of bladder cancer was inversely associated with elevated levels of selenium according to a random-effects model (mOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.87). The mORs were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.69-1.27) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.32-0.95) among men and women, respectively. Sex, type of sample specimen, smoking status, and study design were found to be potential sources of heterogeneity. 
Conclusions: A significant protective effect of selenium, observed mainly among women, may result from gender-specific differences in its accumulation and excretion. The heterogeneity found among studies was mainly linked to the different biological sample specimens used to measure the selenium concentrations and the small size of the studies. Although these results suggest a protective effect of selenium for bladder cancer risk, additional large studies are warranted to support these preliminary evidence. 
Impact: The present results suggest a beneficial effect of high selenium intake for bladder cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2407–15. ©2010 AACR. (September 2010)