Minder overgewicht en diabetes bij hogere fastfood prijzen*
Uit een Amerikaanse studie onder ruim 5.000 personen die 20 jaar gevolgd werden blijkt dat als gevolg van hogere prijzen voor fastfood, zoals pizza’s en frisdranken duidelijk minder van deze voeding gegeten werd en daardoor de kans op diabetes en overgewicht ook duidelijk afnam. Bij een prijsverhoging van 10% namen de deelnemers 7,1% minder calorieën van frisdranken en 11,5% minder calorieën van pizza’s. Waarschijnlijk zullen de effecten bij tieners nog groter zijn dan bij de volwassenen uit de studie.
Higher Fast Food Prices Lead To Lower Weight, Diabetes Risk
A new study that followed participants for 20 years shows both weight and risk for diabetes decreased for people in communities where fast food prices
increased.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study, published in the issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, also showed the reverse when fast food prices fell, then consumption, weight and diabetes risks
rose.
"These results indicate that increasing the price of fast foods and sodas can affect adult behavior, and steer them toward healthier diets, lower weight and less risk of diabetes," said senior author Barry Popkin, Ph.D., the Carla Smith Chamblee Distinguished Professor of Nutrition at UNC's Gillings School of Global Public
Health.
Popkin said taxes have been proposed on fast foods and soft drinks in some states, such as New York. In a number of countries, including Denmark and others in Europe, they are used to discourage consumption and encourage healthy diets.
"This study gives us strong scientific evidence that price policies, including taxes, could actually be effective at helping control obesity and the resulting chronic diseases, like diabetes," Popkin said. "Our results provide robust evidence to support the potential health benefits of taxing selected foods and beverages as a way of improving public
health."
Popkin and his colleagues used data from more than 5,000 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. When it started in 1985, CARDIA participants lived in four U.S. cities. In the intervening years, participants have moved to 48 states. Researchers collected information on the average prices of products, including restaurant pizza, burgers, soft drinks and whole milk in the counties in which each participant lived. Prices were adjusted to 2006 levels.
When researchers analyzed the diet, weight and insulin levels of study participants, they found that when prices of fast foods and sodas went up just 10 percent, participants consumed on average 7.1 percent fewer calories from soda and 11.5 percent fewer calories from pizza. That translates to about 56 calories a day less, which corresponds to a reduction of about 3 to 4 pounds a year per person, Popkin said. The participants who found their fast food prices rose also gained less weight and had a lower risk for diabetes based on a test for fasting insulin (HOMA-IR).
Taxation, particularly in the form of an excise tax, could be helpful as such measures were successful in the case of smoking cessation efforts, Popkin said.
"For these fast foods, taxes would represent the most effective way to reduce adult obesity that we have today, based on this research," Popkin said. He also noted that cigarette taxes have been found to have a much larger effect on teenage versus adult smoking and he would expect that fast food taxes on children and teens would similarly have a larger effect than on adults.
Other study authors are Kiyah Duffey, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow at the UNC Interdisciplinary Obesity Center; Penny Gordon-Larsen, Ph.D., UNC associate professor of nutrition; David Guilkey, Ph.D., Boshamer Distinguished Professor of Economics in the College of Arts and Sciences; James Shikany, Dr.P.H., associate professor of preventive medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and David R. Jacobs, Jr., Ph.D., epidemiology professor, University of Minnesota, Minn. Popkin, Gordon-Larsen and Guilkey also are fellows at the UNC Carolina Population Center and Duffey is a graduate research assistant there.
Source: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Mei 2010)
