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Grote voordelen van fitness tegen botontkalking.
Benefits of
2 Years of Intense Exercise on Bone Density, Physical Fitness, and Blood Lipids
in Early Postmenopausal Osteopenic Women
Results of
the Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS)
Wolfgang Kemmler, PhD; Dirk
Lauber, PhD; Jόrgen Weineck, PhD, MD; Johannes Hensen, MD; Willi Kalender, PhD;
Klaus Engelke, PhD
Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1084-1091.
Background Growing
evidence indicates that physical exercise can prevent at least some
of the negative effects on health associated with early menopause.
Here we determine the effects of intense exercise on physical
fitness, bone mineral density (BMD), back pain, and blood lipids in
early postmenopausal women.
Methods The study
population comprised 50 fully compliant women, with no medication or
illness affecting bone metabolism, who exercised over 26 months
(exercise group [EG]), and 33 women who served as a nontraining
control group (CG). Two group training sessions per week and 2 home
training sessions per week were performed in the EG. Both groups were
individually supplemented with calcium and cholecalciferol. Physical
fitness was determined by maximum strength and cardiovascular
performance. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine
(dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA] and quantitative computed
tomography [QCT]), the proximal femur (DXA), and the forearm (DXA).
In serum samples taken from a subset of the study participants, we
determined bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and resorption (serum
cross-links) markers as well as blood lipid levels. Vasomotor
symptoms related to menopause and pain were also assessed.
Results After 26 months,
significant exercise effects determined as percentage changes
compared with baseline were observed for physical fitness (isometric
strength: trunk extensors [EG +36.5% vs CG +1.7%], trunk flexors [EG
+39.3% vs CG 0.4%], and maximum oxygen consumption [EG +12.4% vs
CG 2.3%]); BMD (lumbar spine [DXA L1-L4, EG +0.7% vs CG 2.3%],
QCT L1-L3 trabecular region of interest [EG +0.4% vs CG 6.6%],
QCT L1-L3 cortical region of interest [EG +3.1% vs CG 1.7%], and
total hip [DXA, EG 0.3% vs CG 1.7%]); serum levels (total
cholesterol [EG 5.0% vs CG +4.1%] and triglycerides [EG 14.2%
vs CG +23.2%]); and pain indexes at the spine.
Conclusion General
purpose exercise programs with special emphasis on bone density can
significantly improve strength and endurance and reduce bone loss,
back pain, and lipid levels in osteopenic women in their critical
early postmenopausal years.
From the Institute of Medical Physics
(Drs Kemmler, Kalender, and Engelke), and Institute of Sport Sciences (Drs
Lauber and Weineck), University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; and Medizinische
Klinik I, Klinikum Hannover Nordstadt, Hannover, Germany (Dr Hensen). The
authors have no relevant financial interest in this article. (juni 2004)